If no pre-written script exists for the textual content of audio or video files, it needs to be prepared if we want to use the content in writing. In our time, translation is done exclusively with computer assistance, so in all cases, editable written text is required as input in the translation process. For more information, see “Coordinated Workflows”.

For films and other visual content, the translation is present in the video through dubbing, subtitling, or voice-over. The different methods require different approaches, as early as in the preparation phase.